Technological Solutions to the Effects of Urban Sprawl

The most recent advancements have significantly improved people’s lifestyle. The development of urban areas to rustic regions, additionally known has never-ending suburbia, has empower individuals to improve their every day exercises (Frumkin 3). This sort of industrialization has brought about numerous problems.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Technological Solutions to the Effects of Urban Sprawl explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Urban spread depends on the improvement of innovation and the structure of vehicles. There are numerous mechanical advancements that target lessening the social and biological issues raised by never-ending suburbia, yet such procedures just decrease the emanations of gases which influence the earth. This paper investigations the degree to which mechanical arrangements can help settle the impact of mechanized never-ending suburbia. The expansion in vehicle creation empowers individuals to stretch out their tasks to country territories. The vast majority are currently utilizing their own vehicles to make a trip to work, and this consequently speeds endless suburbia. As more individuals use vehicles, there is ascent of clog in urban spots since going to work is progressively troublesome when utilizing bike or strolling. This is viewed as ‘motorized urban sprawl’ which is the reason for social and biological issues (Martin 68). Mechanized never-ending suburbia has numerous issues related with it. These issues are for the most part social and environmental. In the first place, natural issues brought about by this viewpoint remember an Earth-wide temperature boost and change for atmosphere. This is a direct result of the utilization of vehicles that transmit perilous gases to nature. Moreover, environmental issues raised by discharge of perilous gases, for example, carbon dioxide incorporate loss of development land and woodland, loss of recreational space, and increment out i n the open (Frumkin 3). Absence of ranches for development may prompt scaled down food gracefully in this way coming about to expanded food costs and social awkwardness because of the way that numerous individuals would consider relocating to urban regions. Second, the contrasts between the rich and the poor are among the fundamental prerequisites of society. Martin contends that the expense of purchasing a vehicle might be a boundary for the destitute individuals, and it can separate the rich from poor people (69). This suggests destitute individuals will be hindered as a result of the mechanized never-ending suburbia. Poor families should live inside the clogged urban communities which are viewed as unfortunate. Also, the decreased mass transportation or rather open methods for transport can prompt inconsistent transportation. Moreover, individuals with physical and mental incapacities will most likely be unable to drive vehicles; consequently they are separated from the urban spr awl.Advertising Looking for paper on natural examinations? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thirdly, utilizing fuel to work vehicles produce gases which contaminate the earth, prompting horrible medical issues. There is likewise the propensity of expanded car collisions brought about via imprudent driving and the expanded requirement for faster travel. Frumkin traces that endless suburbia make individuals to utilize vehicles instead of walk or use bikes (4). This likewise suggests individuals can't stay in shape because of the reliance on vehicles hence raising the odds of procuring stoutness. Once more, individuals are regularly worried up when in stuck streets. To tackle these issues, there is have to grow great transportation frameworks. Transportation frameworks exist to help individuals in their day by day exercises, be it social, financial, or self-improvement. The accessibility of moderate methods for transport, for exam ple, mass transportation, has empowered people and governments to lessen transportation impacts on supportability. As per Gonzalez transportation frameworks have significant supportability impacts in social, monetary, and ecological angles (38). Business gatherings, for example, ICC (International Chamber of Commerce) have proposed natural protection through the assistance of innovation. Such associations advocates for the improvement of elective wellspring of vitality through advances that produce clean fuel which are liberated from carbon dioxide and the utilization of atomic vitality. In spite of the fact that these arrangements rely upon innovation, it is as yet hard to take care of the issues of endless suburbia. For example, the proposed arrangements, for example, atomic vitality have an intense issue with respect to atomic squanders. Gonzalez contends that there is have to lessen urbanization through surveying the land the executives rules (46). The referenced effects calls f or detailing of techniques that can help acknowledge numerous destinations, and stay away from those that will in general tackle one issue in the cost of others. For example, an arrangement that decreases transportation costs yet builds commotion contamination or traffic blockage can't be viewed as maintainable arrangement. Trustworthy methodologies are those that diminish the general impact of transportation frameworks and energize compelling utilization of transport assets. The most suitable ways to deal with taking care of transportation issues would incorporate strolling or cycling, mass transportation, and the utilization of half and half or electric vehicles (Gonzalez).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Technological Solutions to the Effects of Urban Sprawl explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Walking and bicycling give both exercise and transportation, in spite of the fact that individuals may pick a specific excursion to fill the two ne eds. Mass transportation or open transportation is another alternative of transport that is considered to decrease the impacts of endless suburbia. Another classification of maintainable transportation is the crossover vehicle. This class of vehicles utilizes power and gas, giving progressively productive methods for transport. Hollis diagrams that electric cars are similarly prudent, and cause no issue, if at least an ordinary vehicle. The lack of fuel and ecological variables has been the significant drivers of utilizing electric vehicles as of late (2). Taking everything into account, the expanded utilization of vehicles that outcome to endless suburbia raises numerous issues from wellbeing to social issues. Depending on innovation alone can't diminish the effects of mechanized never-ending suburbia. The mechanical arrangements which advocates for utilization of clean fills and electric vehicles can't take care of the considerable number of issues. Legitimate arranging and the bo ard of transportation frameworks is viewed as basic methods for tending to social issues and to some expand manage the natural issues. Works Cited Frumkin, Howard. â€Å"Urban Sprawl and Public Health† Public Health Reports. 117(2001). Gonzalez, G. A. â€Å"Urban Sprawl, Global Warming and The Limits of Ecological Modernization.† Environmental Politics, 14:3(2005): 34-362. Hollis, Christopher. â€Å"Alternative Forms of Transportation. The Fuels and Technologies That Power Them†. Hollis Innovations, LLC. 2001. Web. Martin, G. â€Å"Motorization, Social Ecology and China†, Area, 39:1(2007): 66-73.Advertising Searching for article on ecological examinations? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More This article on Technological Solutions to the Effects of Urban Sprawl was composed and put together by client Robin Chapel to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; nonetheless, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Strategies to Detect Neutrinos

Techniques to Detect Neutrinos Thomas Kayll What are Neutrinos and how would we distinguish them A neutrino (ÃŽ ½) is a subatomic molecule from the lepton family with a lepton number of +1, a charge of 0 and a turn of  ½. There are three kinds of neutrino the Muon Neutrino, Tau Neutrino and the Electron Neutrino1. Neutrinos once in a while associate with issue since they are so little and have no charge and are additionally not influenced by the solid atomic power. So the main way a neutrino can cooperate with issue is through the frail atomic power. Neutrinos are around multiple times littler than electrons yet there are such a large number of neutrinos being discharged into the universe that even with their staggeringly little mass they exceed the measure of issue in the universe9. Figure 1 Neutrinos were estimated in 1930 by Wolfgang Pauli8, he hypothesized that another molecule must be produced in beta rot other than the electron as not all the vitality from the rot conveyed by the electron so Pauli proposed that another molecule was radiated and was conveying the remainder of the vitality emitted. It was normal that the electron would convey all the vitality however this isn't what was found. The law of protection of vitality expresses that Energy can’t be made or crushed, yet it very well may be changed into an alternate structure, likewise that in a shut framework it can't be lost. The red line speaks to the vitality the electron ought to have if none was shared from the beta rot of carbon 14 and the blue line speaks to the genuine vitality of the electrons. The primary individuals to distinguish the neutrino were Reines and Cowan. They did this by utilizing the expectation the atomic reactors were intended to deliver high measures of neutrino transitions. At the point when one of the antineutrinos slams into a proton a neutron and a positron are given off6. These positrons at that point slam into electrons and obliterate by means of pair-demolition. At the point when this happens two gamma beams are delivered as radiation inverse way. Figure 8 Reines and Cowan before long understood that distinguishing the gamma blasts wasn’t enough proof to completely say they had discovered neutrinos. So they meant to distinguish the neutron radiated too. Reines and Cowan set up another trial where they developed a tank of water and fixed it with a shining material to distinguish the gamma radiation. A glittering material is a material that fluoresces when hit by a photon or a charged molecule. This is then gotten and intensified by photomultiplier tubes. They additionally put cadmium into the tank; cadmium ingested the neutrons emitted in the response between the antineutrino and the proton and turns into a left type of cadmium witch emit gamma radiation1.1. Figure 9 The gamma beams structure the left cadmium were recognized 5X10-6 seconds after the positron electron obliteration. This gave enough proof to demonstrate that neutrinos existed. Reines and Cowan rehashed the trial in an alternate area with better vast beam protecting. Inestimable beams include high vitality particles, for example, high vitality photons, these particles can meddle with exceptionally delicate gadgets utilized in the trials and can make bogus readings. Structure this they got progressively dependable results1.1. In a response the baryon number, lepton number and the weirdness must remain the equivalent. So in beta rot where an electron is radiated an enemy of lepton must be discharged to make the lepton number 0 once more. I will be taking a gander at how the Super-Kamiokandeis ready to identify neutrinos. The Super-Kamiokandeis an enormous trial where 50,000 tonnes2 of ultra unadulterated water is held in a treated steel circular tank shrouded in 11,146 photomultiplier tubes the entirety of this is situated in an old mine 1,000 meters underground to stop astronomical beam impedance. To be identified, a neutrino would collaborate with a H2O particle and would make an Electron be released and this would travel quicker than the speed of light in water causing Cherenkov radiation to be transmitted. Cherenkov radiation is produced when a molecule ventures quicker than the most extreme speed of a photon in that medium. This radiation delivers a ring of light which is identified by the photomultiplier tubes witch enhance the sign, utilizing this we can ascertain where the neutrino interfaced and what kind of neutrino it was3. Photomultiplier tubes are required as they can intensify the sign by around 100 million times. At the point when a photon from the Cherenkov radiation hits the photocathode then a photoelectron is discharged compete the photoelectric impact , this is then pulled in to the first dynode with a pd of roughly 100V this electron increases active vitality and afterward hits the dynode freeing more electrons (normally 3-4) at that point these are pulled in to the following cathode with a pd of 100V and a charge of 200eV and the equivalent happens again until there is a sufficient sign and the electrons hit the anode and afterward the recognized sign is sent off to the computer4. For every electron freed on the dynodes the vitality is The 100eV the electron conveys is sufficient to free around 4 new electrons on the following dynode. With certain electrons not hitting the dynodes and some not freeing precisely 4 new electrons then the figure that the sign is enhanced by 100 million times and that (3-4) electrons are freed by on electron make are right. From inquire about it appears that the dynodes have a work (ψ) of around 5eV this implies about 80eV is lost when the electron hits the outside of the material. Figure 5 This Is the Super-Kamiokande structure within. Each spot is a photomultiplier cylinder, and there are two individuals checking them on the outside of the water in a soiled. The principal recorded example of a perception of a neutrino was in 1970 on the 13 of November. The occasion was seen when a neutrino crashed into a proton and made a mu-meson (muon) and a pi+-meson (pion). A pi+-meson is a molecule which comprises of a quark and an enemy of quark. A pi+-meson comprises of an up quark and an enemy of down quark. A muon is an individual from the lepton family in the standard model. This all happened in a hydrogen bubble chamber. An air pocket chamber is a vessel that holds very warmed fluid (for this situation hydrogen); it is utilized to recognize charged particles that enter it. It can box perceptions of these particles as when a charged molecule goes through the load it causes an ionization way which makes the encompassing fluid disintegrate and structure bubbles which size are relative to the particular particles vitality misfortune. This is completely caught by cameras which can create an image of the event5. Figure 6 This is the first image of the impact This is a commented on picture demonstrating the ways of the impacting particles. Muon (ÃŽ ¼), proton (p), neutrino (ÃŽ ½Ã® ¼) and the pion (Ï€+). At the point when the neutrino and the proton impact the proton moves to one side. The neutrino is transformed into a muon which props up advances and the pion is made from the collision5. The comment to the correct shows what's going on at the sub nuclear level with quarks. In 2011 the OPERA test led which went over the odd outcomes that neutrinos were voyaging quicker than the speed of light. The outcomes were announced as irregular as anything going quicker than the speed of light in a vacuum is considered to conflict with unique relativity. The researchers leading the test set examinations concerning why they got the outcomes they did. From these examinations it was discovered the there were two blames in how the investigation was set up. One was that a fiber optic link was inappropriately associated and that a clock oscillator was set to quick. Considering both of these blunders implied the perusing were not in reality quicker than the speed of light. In 2012 it was accounted for that the velocities of neutrinos are equivalent to the speed of light. This data was accumulated by various diverse logical gatherings including OPERA. There are a wide range of wellsprings of neutrinos such gamma beam blasts, supernovas, neutron stars, atomic parting and vast beams. Neutrinos are resistant not uncommon with possibly around 100,000 billion going through your body each second. These sources are the absolute generally vigorous/rough procedures known to man. The fundamental wellspring of our neutrinos that are recognized by places like ice 3D shape and Super-Kamiokande is the sun through its atomic parting which radiates numerous neutrinos. Here you can so a neutrino and a positron are transmitted when two H1 iotas impact and combine to shape a H2 particle. Ice 3D square is another neutrino locator in the South Pole that utilizes a similar thought as the super-Kamiokande in that it distinguishes the gamma beams from when a neutrino slams into a water particle. Ice 3D shape is a hexagon that is around 2,450 meters down and has 86 lines of sensors with 60 sensors on each line so an aggregate of 5,160 sensors. End From my investigation into what neutrinos are and how we can distinguish them I have discovered the central idea of neutrinos and how we can identify something that once in a while associates with issue. I have discovered that neutrinos are more earnestly to identify than I had envisioned and that there are various strategies, for example, recognizing the Cherenkov radiation from the neutrinos crashing into water atoms or by observing their ionizing way in an air pocket chamber. I have additionally discovered a portion of the explanations for why neutrinos are so difficult to recognize in any case, for instance that neutrinos are incredibly little, have low mass, are not charged and just truly collaborate through the feeble atomic power. Over all, neutrinos are exceptionally slippery and one of the more unusual particles that we have found and there is still a ton we don't think about them. Book index Date got to: 23/11/2014 1 URL: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/lepton.html URL: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/cowan.html Hyper p

History of the Brass Rat

History of the Brass Rat The Brass Rat, the MIT class ring. MIT students get theirs sophomore year and wear the beaver sitting on them until graduation. At Commencement, the ring is flipped over so that the beaver is sitting on the world. Legend has it that it is the third most recognized ring in the world, after the Superbowl Ring and the Pope Ring. The tradition began in the spring of 1929 when senior class president C. Brigham Allen brought together a member from each of the Classes of 1930, 1931, and 1932 to design a ring that the Institute Committee would approve as the Standard Technology Ring. They couldnt decide whether to put the beaver or the Dome on the bezel of ring. The Committee looked to the original discussion over the mascot, calling upon the now-famous defense of the beaver by Lester Gardner, class of 1897. We first thought of the kangaroo which, like Tech, goes forward in leaps and bounds. Then we considered the elephant. He is wise, patient, strong, hardworking, and, like all who graduate from Tech, has a good hide. But neither of these were American animals. We turned to Mr. Hornadys book on the animals of North America and instantly chose the beaver. The beaver not only typifies the Tech [student], but his habits are peculiarly our own. The beaver is noted for his engineering, mechanical skills, and industry. His habits are nocturnal. He does his best work in the dark. With that in mind, along with the fact that many other schools had buildings similar to our Great Dome, the Committee ultimately decided to honor our hard-working and industrious mascot on the ring, allowing the class of 1930 to proudly wear the first-ever Standard Technology Ring, lovingly referred to as the Brass Rat. Since then, each class has appointed its own Ring Committee to uphold these time-honored traditions. The committee strives to design a ring that we, as students, can take pride in, and which will, upon graduation, unite us all as graduates of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Serving on the 2017 Ring Committee, I spent a lot of time closely inspecting and growing a deep love for the uniqueness of each of the different Brass Rats. One of my favorite MIT Admissions blog posts is Matt McGanns A bevy of Beautiful brass Rat bezels, published in 2006. After a quick history of the Brass Rat, Matt catalogs all of the bezels from 01 to 08. An  updated version  was published in 2008 that added the 00, 09, 10 bezels. He then  updated it again in 2009 with the addition of the 11 Brass Rat, but not since. Im updating his list here with the additions of the 12-17 bezels and older bezels going all the way back to the original Standard Technology Ring. The Class of 2017 Brass Rat The Class of 2016 Brass Rat:     The Class of 2015 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2014 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2013 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2012 Brass Rat: The Class of 2011 Brass Rat: The Class of 2010 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2009 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2008 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2007 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2006 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2005 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2004 Brass Rat: The Class of 2003 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2002 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2001 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2000 Brass Rat:   The Class of 1998 Brass Rat: The Class of 1996 Brass Rat: The Class of 1994 Brass Rat: The Class of 1992 Brass Rat: The Class of 1990 Brass Rat: The Class of 1989 Brass Rat: The Class of 1988 Brass Rat: The Class of 1987 Brass Rat: The Class of 1986 Brass Rat: The Class of 1985 Brass Rat: The Class of 1984 Brass Rat: The Class of 1983 Brass Rat: The Class of 1982 Brass Rat: The Class of 1981 Brass Rat: The Class of 1980 Brass Rat: The Class of 1979 Brass Rat: The Class of 1978 Brass Rat: The Class of 1977 Brass Rat: The Class of 1975 Brass Rat (thanks David!) The Class of 1970 Brass Rat: The Class of 1963 Brass Rat: The Class of 1950 Brass Rat: The (Original) Class of 1930 Brass Rat: *Photos are from the respective websites of the Ring Committees. Older Brass Rat photos are from webmuseum.mit.edu. If youre an alum and you have a Brass Rat that is missing a photo here, definitely send it to me, Id love to add it and make this as complete a database as possible. Which Brass Rat is your favorite? Post Tagged #Brass Rat

I Have A Dream Speech Analysis - 847 Words

Freedom should be given to everyone evenly, but it isn’t, people must demand their freedom. Life should be that everybody is the same and we all get along, but that isn’t what life really is. If you want something to change you don’t sit back and hope it will change you have to make it change. In the story Cairo: My City, Our Revolution, Ahdaf Soueif goes and fights for her country. In the speech I Have a Dream, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was influencing people to go and protest to get their rights and in the speech A Eulogy for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Robert F. Kennedy influences people to change and do as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. The last two people were speaking to influence people. They made a change, they did something and hope†¦show more content†¦Now that people have that faith and want to do something he is telling them to go do it, go back to where it is difficult and make a change.b Second, A Eulogy for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. made by Robert F. Kennedy. In the beginning of his speech, he said that as a country we can go two ways. First, we all can be filled with hatred and become more divided. Then he said, â€Å"Or we can make an effort, as Martin Luther King did, to understand and to comprehend, and to replace that violence, that stain of bloodshed that has spread across our land, with an effort to understand with compassion and love† (Robert F. Kennedy line 14 page 26). The second way he said to take out all of the bad things and replace them with love and to follow in Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s footsteps. He just told us to do as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. did, but what did he do? Then, he said, â€Å"Martin Luther King dedicated his life to love and to justice for his fellow human beings, and he died because of that effort†(Robert F. Kennedy line 4 on page 25). I think it helps that he included what Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. did because it clears up what we should do. Next, Cairo: My city, Our Revolution by Ahdaf Soueif. She writes about her past and the Egyptian revolution. Her story starts off as her leaving the city and then deciding that she wanted to stay and help protest for her rights. She said, â€Å"we had come together, as individuals, millions of us, in a great cooperative effort. And this timeShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe major argument that is being portrayed in Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"I Have A Dream† speech is all men and women should be treated equally, regardless of their skin color. Dr. King states, â€Å"When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienableRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech Analysis1714 Words à ‚  |  7 Pagesuses words to provoke, calm, and inspire in his famous I Have a Dream speech. Using these words, he creates a connection with the audience, and he gained their trust. Cesar Chavez also gave a speech that provoked, calmed, and inspired the audience to come together and get rid of pesticides because it is causing many diseases among adults, as well as children. He also mentions King many times to gain the audience’s trust. â€Å"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out theRead MoreAnalysis Of I Have A Dream Speech758 Words   |  4 Pages delivered his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech in 1963 to a divided and unjust nation. King’s tactful writing reached the entire nation, and his words resonated with everyone who heard them. His speech addressed the injustices and inequalities blacks face in America. â€Å"I Have a Dream† has gone down in history as one of the best speeches in modern history, received at a time of turmoil and racial tension. Therefore, King’s words have rung in the hearts of innumerable people, and his dreams and aspirationsRead MoreAnalysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1419 Words   |  6 PagesKennedy have the first televised debate, Mohamed Ali wins a gold medal and the Civil Rights Movement at its climax in America. As the chaos of segregation was unfolding in the Southern states, Governor George C. Wallace and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, were at the forefront of the Civil Rights Movement. In the beginning of the year, Governor Wallace will address his constituents with his, â€Å"Segregation Now, Segregation Forever† speech and seven months later, Dr. King will deliver his famous, â€Å"I Have a Dream†Read MoreAnalysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1199 Words   |  5 Pagesthe forefront of the Civil Rights Movement. In the beginning of the year, Governor Wallace will be addressing his constituents with his well-known, â€Å"Segregation Now, Segregation Forever† speech. Nevertheless, it will be seven months later, that Dr. King will convey his message in his famous, â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. Individually, they deliver historical speeches concerning civil rights, however, the dialogue encompasses completely different messages. Comparatively, the two speeches will be presentedRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech Analysis1154 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr.s impact of path os throughout his speech has the impact of exploit the audience, empowered, determined, and grateful. Throughout his speech, his audience responds to him by applauding with agreement. Impact of Pathos Martin Luther King, Jr. uses attribute within the starting of his known, I actually have a Dream Speech, to realize the audience to feel as theyre fighting with several alternative known Americans, like the beginning Fathers and Abe Lincoln. Since, several AmericansRead MoreAnalysis Of I Have A Dream Speech937 Words   |  4 PagesMany people have different perspectives on hope. Some hope for a life full of happiness, being wealthy, or just being happy. Martin Luther King Jr. had hope, he had hope for equality and for everyone to be treated equal. In MLK’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech this is the most uplifting segment of it. King knows that his audience has suffered from injustice, so they must have faith that things will soon change. King also stresses in the speech about non-violent resistance, African American equality, actionRead MoreAnalysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1086 Words   |  5 PagesI am writing this letter to you in hopes of gaining insight on how to ha ndle the grave issues of racism and injustice that appear to be a curse upon our great country, the United States of America. Back then, you used your cogent words to penetrate into the minds of all those listening in hopes of uniting our nation, and erasing racial barriers along the way. You fought for peace and freedom using non-violence and preached equality to the people of this country. From your involvement in the firstRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech Analysis1441 Words   |  6 Pagesorder to procure its ultimate victory throughout the 1960s. From his civil rights-related endeavor, the â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, given on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the â€Å"March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom† in 1963 (â€Å"March on Washington For Jobs and Freedom) arose. In his speech, he spoke about the injustice of segregation and discrimination of African Americans. His speech had a prodigious impact as it succeeded to illustrate the issue of racism a t the time and instigated theRead MoreAnalysis of I Have a Dream Speech1857 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"I Have A Dream† Martin Luther King Jr. On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. gave a speech that electrified a nation. In Washington D.C, King delivered his speech on the steps of the Lincoln memorial and as his powerful voice echoed out across an audience of 200,000 people, echoes of the Gettysburg address could be heard as well as the Declaration of Independence and the Bible. It has been called â€Å"masterfully delivered and improvised sermon, bursting with biblical language and imagery.†The

Preventing Juvenile Delinquency Essay - 2173 Words

Preventing Juvenile Delinquency There is a saying that history often repeats itself. If this is a true saying, then society will have to deal with the complex issue of juveniles delinquents, who may eventually become adult criminals, as societies in time past dealt with the same conflict. Moreover, if this saying is true then the community in which juvenile delinquencies exist must have the tools necessary to divert the youth from crime. If one is to convert delinquent youth’s behavior, they need to be able to variegate the justice system in order to prevent juvenile delinquent recidivisms. Furthermore, understanding the cause of juvenile delinquency is an important key in its prevention. In order to understand the cause of†¦show more content†¦The treatment of youths had created distaste among the reformers towards jail terms for juveniles; they desired a system to be more compliance with the â€Å"due process of law.† Furthermore, the reformer was seeking to convert from what they saw as inhumane treatment of the juvenile therefore, facility such as the house of refuge was started. â€Å"The earliest Reformatory Refuge was built in 1825 and was called the New York Hoses of Refuge† (Bartollas Miller, 2008, p.9). â€Å"It was not until 1890s when the Progressive Era commenced in the US that individual states started setting up rehabilitating centers† (Bartollas Miller, 2008, p.10). There was a feeling during the progressive era stating that the justice system should take the responsibility to recover the lives of young offenders before they were absorbed into criminal activities. The parenting responsibility was been exerted by states to give juveniles an opportunity to return to their former condition. Moreover, the progressive movement lead to juvenile delinquency been tried in juvenile courts in 1967. This meant Persons under the age of 18 were tried in juvenile courts. This was due to the ruling by the Supreme Court that it was necessary for the juvenile courts to use the due process of law. The approach afterShow MoreRelated Preventing Juvenile Delinquency Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesPreventing Juvenile Delinquency The saying is that history often repeats itself. If this is true then society will have to deal with the complex burden of juvenile who eventually become adult criminals. However, if this saying is not true then the community in which juvenile delinquency exist must have the tool necessary to divert the youth in the community. If one is to change delinquent youth’s behavior, they need to variegate the justice system in order to prevent juvenile delinquent recidivismsRead MorePreventing Juvenile Delinquency Rough Draft1976 Words   |  8 Pagesthe importance of Preventing Juvenile Delinquency and what different ideas, concepts and methods are available to those adolescents that are either at-risk already or those that can be in the future. Early prevention is the best method of slowing down the statistics of crimes among adolescents, by keeping them off of the streets and out of the justice system by providing the means to teach them to be productive rather than destructive . Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency-Rough Draft IntroductionRead MoreThe And Its Role For Preventing Juvenile Delinquency And Violence850 Words   |  4 Pagesfathers are major contributors to males being incarcerated. Careful analyses of juvenile court cases in the United States, shows that economic conditions rather than family composition influenced children’s delinquency.(Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice (2001)) (Chilton and Markle, 1972). Absent Fathers One of the most prominent findings concerning the importance of fathering and its role in preventing juvenile delinquency and violence was first disclosed by evidence in a cross-cultural study, whichRead MoreA Healthy Home Environment Is A Leading Factor For Preventing Juvenile Delinquency?2145 Words   |  9 PagesSusan Babb Tutor: Course: Date: Is there Evidence that a Healthy Home Environment is a Leading Factor in Preventing Juvenile Delinquency? Crime committed by adolescents and children is called juvenile delinquencies under the statutory age. A juvenile delinquent is one who has many troubles but is a minor. The need for dealing with juvenile delinquency is becoming more urgent each day. The number of young people going through court has increased tremendously and therefore our young people need helpRead MoreBreaking Down the Walls of Delinquency1685 Words   |  7 Pagesexplore how family life influences juvenile delinquency. Juveniles are more likely to become juvenile delinquents if there is little structure provided for them in their families. Children who are rejected by their parents, who grow up in homes with considerable conflict, or who are inadequately supervised are at the greatest risk of becoming delinquent. Literature reviews, focused on the relationship between child abuse and juvenile delinquency, indicate that juvenile delinquents are often productsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is An Increasing Problem Within The United States995 Words   |  4 Pages Juvenile delinquency has become an increasing problem within the United States. According to Siegel and Welsh (2012), more than 1.1 million youth are being arrested each year for various crimes ranging from loitering to murder. There are numerous reasons why there should be programs to help deter delinquency. One of which, Greenwood (2008), states that juvenile delinquency has started to take it’s toll on tax payers. The cost of arresting, incarcerating, prosecuting, and treating offenders has beganRead MoreThe Effects Of Juvenile Delinquency On Teens864 Words   |  4 Pagesunderdevelopment, deficiency and lack of housing areas. Theses can also affect teens that increase-doing crimes in which it called juvenile delinquency. There are two terms that define juvenile delinquency, 1: conduct by a juvenile characterized by antisocial behavior that is a beyond parental control and therefore subject to legal action; 2: a violatio n of law committed by a juvenile and not punishable by death or live imprisonment. (Cite). In this topic, I will explain more about family factors in whichRead MoreBalancing Justice and Rehabilitation Essay538 Words   |  3 Pageson track, the multistep juvenile justice system determines adolescent offenders’ consequences to provide them a chance for change and rehabilitation, making it overall effective and fair to juveniles and the community. Although most juveniles who enter the system are not real criminals, some are, so by understanding their crimes and reasoning, law enforcement can better identify and stop repeat offenders. For instance, most crime rates have gone down recently, but juvenile robbery arrests have increasedRead MoreThe Effects Of Delinquency On Children s Life1657 Words   |  7 Pagescommit more crimes than adults, and that if we can reduce the amount of delinquency that occurs in the United States, then we will also reduce the amount of crime. To understand how to prevent delinquency, we must first understand what causes it. Delinquency can be caused by a number of factors involving the child s family, socialization, economic background and drug use. Of course, the earliest contributor to delinquency in a child s life is the family. (1) Early family dysfunction can leadRead MoreGender Roles : The Juvenile Justice System1244 Words   |  5 PagesGender Roles in the Juvenile Justice System What role does gender play at the various stages of the juvenile justice system? Gender plays an enormous role in the juvenile justice system; both boys and girls have their fair share of run-ins with the Juvenile Justice System, but now more so than ever, females crime rates have increased. In some instances within the juvenile justice system, it may appear that boys and girls are comparable; however there are differences, even though they are subtle.

Planning a Lesson Module 1 Free Essays

Course:Teaching Assistant Level1 Q1. Give examples of how you would plan activities. Under the direction of the teacher, you will discuss and fully understand your role within the teacher’s lesson plan. We will write a custom essay sample on Planning a Lesson Module 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The teacher will have previously completed long and medium term plans for the class. The class teacher’s short terms plan for the week can be broken down into daily plans. These will give you an idea of the number of children involved in the learning objective, previous learning, environment, resources available and a time scales. Which individuals or groups of children are to work on tasks at a particular time, taking into account individual needs and interests, grouping together children with similar abilities so that they are working towards the same targets, and give an indication of whether they are to be supported by an adult. This is a great opportunity for you the TA to get involved with the weekly plan and to contribute your own ideas to the planning session. †¢You are aware in advance of what you are required to do. There are clear roles and responsibilities for you working together with the teacher to support the pupils. †¢The work you are covering fits in with the activities and topics which have been planned for the term. †¢You are aware of where, when, what and who you will be working with. †¢The objectives of the learning activity. †¢The type and level of support the pupils may need. The above established you can start preparing and organising for the learning activity: †¢Where the learning activity is being taken place: is there sufficient space for the learning activity. What resources may be needed: are the resources readily available and accessible, do you need to bring in furniture or equipment for implementing the learning activities. †¢Who you will be supporting: individuals, groups or perhaps a SEN pupil, in the event of a SEN pupil, you may want to gather further information on the pupil for example you should be aware of the IEP’s and PSP’s Q2. Describe your role in delivering learning activities Know and understand the objectives of the learning activities and strategies for supporting pupils and ensure you share the same goals as the teacher. Example of an Individual Lesson plan for Geography Learning Objective: For pupils to be familiar with and understand the water cycle. Introduction: Find out what the children know about the water cycle. Class discuss to see how much they can remember about water from the previous lesson. Main part of lesson: Children to work in groups: Group 1: Work with teacher, using the internet and reference books to see what they can find out. Group 2: Work with TA using artwork and models to explain what happens. Group 3: Work independently to explain the water cycle, in their own words and diagrams. Conclusion: Children to discuss what they have found out and give examples. As a TA you would: †¢Prepare the learning environment to meet the needs of all the pupils. †¢Provide appropriate learning activities for the individual or group, selecting the appropriate learning materials required. †¢Maintaining pupil safety at all times. †¢Interacting with the pupils, using praise and encouragement. †¢Observe the pupils responses. Assist the teacher in the implementation of set tasks, e. g. setting up and clearing the classroom before and after activities. Assist in the production of teaching aids and preparation of work for the pupils as required, charts, displays, worksheets, etc. Provide general classroom help. Making accurate and detailed records of what has been planned and delivered. Take a pro-active role and use initiative within the classroom. Q3. Make a list of the things expected from you as part of your role in supporting an individual pupil or group of pupils. Adapt activities that will encourage independent learning and provide challenges. Ensure the pupils understand and follow the teacher’s instructions. Help the pupils to use equipment and resources that is relevant to the learning activity. Supporting the pupils in enabling them to gain independence and participate fully in the curriculum. Challenge the pupils thinking and observe individual pupils progress and achievements. Provide focused support to help pupils move to the next level of learning. Be adaptable, have empathy but also follow the school’s positive discipline guidelines. Give the pupils choices and praise. Q4. Think about your role and responsibilities as a teaching assistant. List examples of your own general and specific tasks. 1. Supervise individuals / groups of pupils during specified learning activities, as directed by the class teacher. 2. Assist in preparing and maintaining an effective learning environment for pupils. 3. Getting the classroom ready for lessons. 4. Listen to children read and reading to them. 5. Helping children who need extra support to complete tasks. 6. Taking care of children who are upset or have had accidents. 7. Clearing away materials and equipment after lessons. 8. Helping with outings and sports events. . Assist in the implementation of Individual Education Programmes for students and help monitor their progress. 10. Provide support for individual students inside and outside the classroom to enable them to fully participate in activities. 11. Assist class teachers with maintaining student records. 12. Prepare and present displays of student’s work. 13. Support class teachers in photocopying and other tasks in order to support teaching. Q5. Briefly describe the role of the teaching assistant in relation to the teacher. Teachers Role: The teacher is responsible for planning and delivering of the National / Early Years Curriculum. To teach pupils to their educational needs. Assess record and report development. They are also responsible for all adults within the learning environment. Communicate and consult with parents. Teaching Assistant: Plan and prepare work alongside the teacher Support learning activities effectively, as directed by the teacher. Assess / evaluate pupil’s work, as directed by the teacher. Report any problems / queries to the teacher Give feedback to the teacher following planned activities. Q6. Briefly outline the role and responsibilities of: Head Teacher, Deputy Head Teacher, SENCO, Key stage co-ordinators, subject co-ordinators, class teacher. The Head Teacher: The role of the Head Teacher is to manage all aspects of the school and all of those within it, as well as making sure the curriculum are being effectively taught and managed. The Head is answerable to parents, Ofsted and the local authority for the smooth running of the school. The Deputy Head: Works closely with the Head, when the Head Teacher is absent from the school, the Deputy is responsible for its management. The Deputy will usually work as a Teacher; however he will still be responsible for running the day to day arrangements such as supply staff or training courses. He will liaise with the Head on a daily basis concerning the day’s priorities. SENCO: Is responsible for the managing of children with special needs throughout the school. Keeping records on all these children as well as being responsible for the management of individual support assistants in the school. SENCO are the line of contact for any outside agency, i. e. Speech and Language, Educational Psychologist. Key Stage Co-ordinators: Employed to lead and manage either Key Stage 1 or 2. They usually also have a class teaching commitment Subject Key Stage Co-ordinators:Responsible for the leadership and management of a particular curriculum subject. Class teachers may be expected to accept responsibility for an area of the curriculum as part of their normal professional duties The Teacher / Subject teacher: Plan, prepare and deliver lessons to meet the needs of all pupils, setting and marking work and recording pupil development as necessary. Includes advanced skills teachers and supply teachers. Often work in partnership with teaching assistants Q7. Give examples of how to promote independent learning, e. g. using ICT skills. Give positive encouragement and praise – this gives a pupil a feeling of achievement and the desire to continue with the learning activity. Listen – let the pupil see that you are listening to what they are saying, that you are taking notice of their contributions, this will build confident in their own abilities. Motivate – Give them positive experiences which are interesting and can be made real for them. Resources – Ensure that the relevant resources are available to them so they don’t need to ask for help, make things available and accessible. Repetition:Reminding a pupil what the teacher has said and encouraging them to think about what they are doing, without giving them the answer. Instruction:Following steps to complete a task, asking them simple questions, â€Å"Do you think this is the best way to do it† or â€Å"Why do you think this is the best way†. Facilitating:Giving the pupils the tools to carry out a task and discover the outcome, again encourage the child to talk you through what they are doing and why. ICT: Encourage the children to access, enter, save and retrieve information independently, to research and interpret information to support work in other subjects. Encourage them to write themselves reminders for accessing different programmes. Q8. What strategies can be used to support pupils learning activities? Create a positive learning environment. Adapt learning activities to support each individuals needs. Encourage independent learning. Prompt shy or reticent pupils. Ask open-ended questions to encourage their participation, also to see their understanding of the subject. Look for and note any common problems that the pupils have or mistakes made, this will enable the teacher to address these at a future learning activity. Give pupils choices and only give further assistance if required. Check pupils work and encourage them to correct their own mistakes Translate or explain information used by the teacher, i. e. words / phrases. Organise and participate in appropriate play activities or games. Ensure that all pupils behave and concentrate Listen, respect and value the pupils. Gain the pupils trust and confidence. How to cite Planning a Lesson Module 1, Essay examples

Security Breach at OSHA Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Security Breach at OSHA. Answer: Introduction Information Security has grown to become the most researched area in the present scenario. It is because of the reason that there are a number of security issues that have emerged and there are also a great use of the information sets by the users and business organizations all across the globe. There are data sets that fall under the category of public, private, sensitive, critical, personal and shared classes. The security and privacy of the information in all of these data sets is equally important. It is, therefore, required to be made sure that none of the security occurrences and events takes place and there is no breaching/leakage of information as well. One of the recent security breach and the ransomware attacks that took place a couple of months back has been covered and analyzed in the report. Security Breach at OSHA OSHA is an abbreviation for Occupational Safety and Health Administration which is a United States Government agency that operates in the department of labor. Because of the nature of operations and the line of business, the information that OSHA is associated with comprises of sensitive health information. In accordance with the latest development in the technological area, OSHA made a decision to move and convert its entire database in the electronic form. However, the decision backfired as the organization fell victim to a massive breach of information security in the month of August, 2017. The breach resulted in the breakdown and a complete shutdown of the electronic reporting system at OSHA. There was a web-based form that was present in the application to provide the employees with the ability to submit the details on injuries and associated information electronically. An injury tracking application was launched by OSHA on August 1, 2017 so maintain an automated record of all the reported injuries. Soon after, certain pages of the application became inaccessible and it gradually led to a shutdown. The sensitive health information of the patients was exposed to the unauthorized entities leading to a serious occurrence of a computer security breach (Gonzalez, 2017). The worst impact of the breach came down on the employees of OSHA along with the patients that have reported their injuries. The personal and critical data of these entities went in the hands of the malevolent elements. Such computer security breaches also impact the brand image and the market value of the organization that happened in this case as well. OSHA has to bear the rage of the customers and also lost a huge amount of its customer base (Tornone, 2017). The primary threat agent that the attackers made use of in case of OSHA was the weak link in the form of an unsecure access point. The injury tracking application was launched in OSHA on August 1, 2017 and such an application was being implemented for the first time at the agency. The development and the implementation team must not have taken the adequate measures which led to the presence of a weak access point. It became major security vulnerability and the same was utilized by the attackers to cause security breach and attack (Golla, 2017). Networks have been found to be prime threat agents in the recent times. It is through the aid of these networks that the attackers and other malicious entities succeed in gaining entry to the systems and the information. The countermeasures that OSHA may have adopted are in the form of the network based automated systems and tools. These tools have been created to perform various activities and operation to enhance the network security. For instance, there are tools that may perform advanced detection of the intruders and can also implement the preventive measures for the same (Bertino, 2015). There are also automated tools that have been created for the enhanced security of the network through continuous and advanced monitoring and control. The attackers succeeded in breaking through the access control mechanisms that were implemented at OSHA. The agency must have made sure that proper access control mechanisms were deployed and used. With the use and implementation of advanced access control, it is possible that the authorized users only pass through the access gates and the unauthorized users are restricted. There are advanced access control protocols that have been developed that grant the access on the basis of user roles and privileges. The same process should have been implemented in OSHA to protect the internal and external connections. Advanced authentication may also have been used in the form of multi-fold authentication measures comprising of a mix of biometric mechanisms, one time passwords (OTP) and single sign on (Wangen, 2017). Physical security of often not paid much attention by the organizations after the development of the automated tools and applications. However, the relevance and importance of the physical security measures must not be ignored. The presence of physical security mechanisms at all the entry and exit gates of the organizations must be ensured and shall also be reviewed at an timely basis. There have been advancements that have been done in the areas of malware protection with the development of numerous anti-malware packages. These packages can prevent the attack of malware such as viruses, worms, logic bombs and Trojan horses. Denial of service attacks are also common in the current times which can be prevented and controlled through automated anti-denial tools. Planning and analysis are the two major activities that have a lot of significance in every activity. There are many analytics tools that have been developed that may assist in the process. These analytics tools can bring up the trends and patterns that are present in the execution of the security attacks by the malevolent entities. These tools make use of data from different data sources and analyze all of the data to reveal the interesting trends. Also, it is necessary for the organizations to include only the defense mechanisms that are applicable to the requirements of the organizations. It shall be ensured that a plan is put in place before the implementation of the prevention and detection methods. Ransomware Attack May 2017 Occurrence of security attack or risk is not a rare phenomenon in the current era. There have been multiple incidents that have been reported in the past. However, there are some incidents that take place that cause a lot of damage. There was a ransomware attack that was launched at a massive scale in May, 2017. Ransomware is defined as a type of a malware which leads to the blocking of access of the systems that are targeted and the unblocking of the same can be done only after providing a ransom amount to the attackers. WannaCry took place at a global level and cause damage to various systems and applications spread in over one hundred and fifty countries. The malware was a kind of a cryptoworm that blocked user access on the systems that has Microsoft Windows as the operating system. Encryption of the user data and information present within the system was done and the ransom that was being demanded to unlock the access was in the measures of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency (Wong Solon, 2017). The first occurrence was reported by National Health Staff (NHS) in the United Kingdom on 12th May, 2017. NHS experienced the uncontrolled shutting down of its systems and applications and there was a message being displayed that stated that $300 (230) was required to be paid as ransom. The reporting of the incident by NHS was soon followed by the reporting by many other European countries. The incident also impacted a huge number of business applications and systems in Russia. It is being stated that Russia was the country that was affected the most. Many of the private and government institutions were impacted by the ransomware attack in Russia (Hern Gibbs, 2017). Countries such as Germany, China, Taiwan, India, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Spain, and Portugal etc. also reported of the similar cases and occurrences. Worms are the malicious codes that are intentionally designed to cause damage to the systems and the malware spreads on its own. There are many malicious codes that demand human intervention of some form or the other to be triggered. However, the case is not the same with worms. These cryptoworm were used in WannaCry that led to the damage at such a massive scale (Bbc, 2017). The first step that was carried out by the attackers was the exploration of the security vulnerabilities and loopholes associated with the systems having Microsoft Windows as their operating system. EternalBlue was one of the security vulnerabilities that were identified in the Windows-based systems. The vulnerability that was found demanded the implementation of the security patches to control the attack using the same. However, the Shadow Brokers was the group of the attackers that made the vulnerability available in the public in the month of April, 2017. The same vulnerability was used to give shape to WannaCry. The primary reason that was present with the launch of WannaCry was the existence of the security loopholes and vulnerabilities. With the presence of so many security threats and issues, all of the security vulnerabilities shall be analyzed carefully and an immediate action must be taken to overcome the same. There was negligence that was observed by the users and the business organizations that allowed the attackers to easily make advantage of the same (Palmer, 2017). There are steps that Microsoft could have taken to ensure that the users had complete information of the security vulnerability and weakness that was present. The awareness could have been made with the aid of the social media platforms and with the use of email exchanges with the customers. It would have provided the users with the ability to easily detect the loopholes at their end and the fixes would have been made (Erlich Zviran, 2010). Malicious codes have the ability to spread to a number of systems that are connected with each other and the spread takes place at an extremely rapid rate. The infected systems lead to further reproducibility of the codes and there are scenarios wherein it becomes extremely difficult to put a control on the transfer of these codes. The same situation happened in the case of WannaCry as well. The malicious code made use of the security vulnerability and the cryptoworm was launched. The organizations and the users must have made use of the technically and logically advanced tools such as anti-denial, anti-malware and intrusion based detection and prevention. These tools would have generated alters regarding the presence of such malicious codes and the corrective measures would have been taken (Al-Hamdani, 2009). There are many loopholes and insufficient knowledge that is present with the users as well. Users are still not aware of the common security issues that take place and the basic security practices that they must follow. Such events lead to the occurrence of unintentional and accidental attacks at the end of the user. There shall be campaigns and sessions that must be carried out to increase the user knowledge and awareness in this area. Conclusion It is essential to put a check on the security attacks to make sure that the necessary properties of the information are protected and secured. These properties include integrity, availability and confidentiality of the information. References Al-Hamdani, W. (2009). Three Models to Measure Information Security Compliance. International Journal Of Information Security And Privacy, 3(4), 43-67. https://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jisp.2009100104 Bbc. (2017). Massive ransomware infection hits computers in 99 countries - BBC News. BBC News. Retrieved 23 August 2017, from https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-39901382 Bertino, E. (2015). Security and privacy of electronic health information systems. International Journal Of Information Security, 14(6), 485-486. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10207-015-0303-z Erlich, Z., Zviran, M. (2010). Goals and Practices in Maintaining Information Systems Security. International Journal Of Information Security And Privacy, 4(3), 40-50. https://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jisp.2010070103 Gollan, J. (2017). Labor Department blames data breach for injury reporting sites shutdown. Reveal. Retrieved 23 August 2017, from https://www.revealnews.org/blog/labor-department-blames-data-breach-for-shutdown-of-employee-injury-reporting-site/ Gonzalez, G. (2017). Security breach shuts down OSHA electronic reporting application - Business Insurance. Business Insurance. Retrieved 23 August 2017, from https://www.businessinsurance.com/article/20170816/NEWS08/912315224/Security-breach-shuts-down-OSHA-electronic-reporting-application Hern, A., Gibbs, S. (2017). What is WannaCry ransomware and why is it attacking global computers?. the Guardian. Retrieved 23 August 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/may/12/nhs-ransomware-cyber-attack-what-is-wanacrypt0r-20 Palmer, D. (2017). Your failure to apply critical cybersecurity updates is putting your company at risk from the next WannaCry or Petya | ZDNet. ZDNet. Retrieved 23 August 2017, from https://www.zdnet.com/article/your-failure-to-apply-critical-cyber-security-updates-puts-your-company-at-risk-from-the-next/ Tornone, K. (2017). OSHA halts new online reporting following security breach. HR Dive. Retrieved 23 August 2017, from https://www.hrdive.com/news/osha-halts-new-online-reporting-following-security-breach/449551/ Wangen, G. (2017). A framework for estimating information security risk assessment method completeness. International Journal Of Information Security. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10207-017-0382-0 Wong, J., Solon, O. (2017). Massive ransomware cyber-attack hits nearly 100 countries around the world. the Guardian. Retrieved 23 August 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/may/12/global-cyber-attack-ransomware-nsa-uk-nhs